Regulatory Focus Theory

is not that easy in the world of sellers and wagon pullers. As the pace of business continues to speed up, the consequences of what a sales organization does—or does not—do carries an increasing level of importance. In the past, a sales strategy or focus could be delineated and adhered to for a measurable period of time, such as a calendar or fiscal year. If the program failed to meet organizational objectives, it could be refined the following year. No longer! You must deploy plans in a range of ‘‘rightness’’

................ 13 1.2.2.1 THE GROWTH OF THE CHANNELS OF THE DTT ........ 14 1.2.2.2 THE NEW MODES OF CONSUMPTION OF THE BOARDCASTING CONTENTS ......................................................... 17 1.3 THE EFFECTS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK............................................................................................................. 18 1.3.1 THE IMPLANTATION OF THE NEW DIRECTIVE........................ 18 1.3.1.1 THE MEASURES OF THE NEW DIRECTIVE..........

between corporate-level strategy (what businesses to be in) and business-level strategy (how to compete in a given business) is 512 Academy of Management Journal September established (Hofer & Schendel, 1978; Vancil, 1976). This study focuses on business-level strategy, which is of interest to strategic units (typically divisions) in multibusiness firms, or to single business firms. Although business-level strategy centers on the concept of "competing," it is important to stress that it

wide variety of tax and business advisory purposes. Prior to joining KPMG, Dr. Blough was an economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, where he was responsible for the analysis of financial markets in their relationship to monetary and regulatory policy. He also spent six years on the faculty of the department of economics at Johns Hopkins University, where he taught graduate courses in econometric methods and macroeconomics. His publications have focused on the development of new statistical

Although doing a monograph is somehow a lonely process, you need many people to collaborate with, whose skills allow the project to mature. To my colleagues, I owe a huge debt of gratitude. Regragui Ayoub must be singled out for introducing me to trade theory. Saki Oussama gave me some helpful documents which helped me understand the FTA more deeply. Dear Ibtissam, Thank you for the good time and nice company. To my dear friends, Abderrahim , Akif, Othmane, and Omar I want to say that it was a real pleasure

well diversified portfolio of assets. Therefore, small investors can benefit in the returns and low risk which these assets typically offer. 21. What is negative externality? In what ways do the existence of negative externalities justify the extra regulatory attention received by financial institutions? A negative externality refers to the action by one party that has an adverse affect on some third party who is not part of the original transaction. For example, in an industrial setting, smoke from

important contribution to psychological theory in recent years. Unlike those of his contemporaries who are less interested in psychology than in some restricted aspect thereof to which their principles confine them, Hebb has made a noteworthy attempt to take the experimentally determined facts of behavior, as they are, and account for them in terms of events within the central nervous system. The most important basic idea that Hebb presented was the cell assembly theory outlined in chapters 4 and 5 of

collects costs on the basis of the underlying nature and extent of those activities, and assigns costs to products and services based on consumption of those activities by the products and services activity-based management (ABM) a discipline that focuses on the activities incurred during the production/performance process as the way to improve the value received by a customer and the resulting profit achieved by providing this value activity center a segment of the production or service process for

important implication of these new capital requirements was that banks could now employ internal risk measurement models to calculate their minimum regulatory capital requirements. In contrast to market risk, models for other types of risk exposures were considerably less advanced and capital requirements for these risks remained subject to the existing regulatory framework instituted by the 1988 Basel Accord. Over the last few years, however, financial institutions have made large strides in developing

law aimed more at ensuring stable business condition for financial institutions through external controls on competition than at ensuring prudent management of such institutions based on internal controls.” Similarly, in the US one of the main regulatory changes preceding the S&L crisis was the abolition of regulation Q that had imposed deposit rate controls. Keeley (1990) finds a direct relationship between reforms that increased competition, the reduction in franchise value of banks, and an increase