Sustainable development

Blondeau N., « La microfinance. Un outil de développement durable ? », Etudes, 9, Tome 405, 2006, p. 188-198. Cohen M., McCord M-J., Sebstad J., «Reducing Vulnerability: Demand for and Supply of Microinsurance in East Africa», Journal of International Development, 17, 2005, p. 319-325. 8 Cull R., Demirguc-Kunt A., Morduch J., «Financial Performance and Outreach: A Global Analysis of Leading Microbanks», The Economic Journal, 117, February, 2007. Guérin I., «Microfinance dans les pays du Sud : Quelle compatibilité

against brain drain | |people want to ensure their future |loss to the country of origin | |improve their conditions |talented people should contribute to the development of | |talents grow |their countries | |…………………….. |……………………………. | |

company collects superlatives. How about the employees? They are the best in their fields. The company fidelizes them by offering high salaries (45000$ a year until 67$ a hour that is to say 127000$ a year). Boeing invests a lot in the Research and Development (4409 persons in the R&D department), that enable them to constantly innovate and to stay at the “state of art”. However, Boeing must become aware of social troubles. Last September 2008, employees from production lines went on strikes. How about

ont conjointement facilité le processus, qui a aidé à approfondir la démocratie dans cet État. ENCADRÉ 1.1 PROPOSER DES POLITIQUES ALTERNATIVES PAR LE BIAIS DE LA CONSULTATION POPULAIRE AU LAOS L e RDH 2001 au Laos, Advancing Rural Development, a impliqué des consultations avec les communautés rurales des différents systèmes agricoles. Les interactions avec un groupe autochtone, les montagnards ruraux, ont abouti à des recommandations portant sur l'affectation des ressources et à des

surveiller les progrès et établir des priorités en matière de besoins en eau18. Source : Sullivan (2002). A noter que l'Indice de pauvreté multidimensionnel (IPM) est un nouvel indicateur statistique élaboré en 2010 par l'Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) qui est utilisé par le Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD) pour mesurer les inégalités et la pauvreté dans le monde ; il comprend deux critères « Eau » : l’accès à l’eau potable et l’assainissement19 (Rigaud

understanding of the complexity and the diversity of SRI and of the problems faced today by the asset management sector. Key-words: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – Ethical Funds – Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) – Sustainable Development 1 ESSEC BUSINESS SCHOOL, Avenue Bernard Hirsch 95021 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex 2, France and ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France (diane-laure.arjalies@essec.edu)

2001) or to preempt legal sanctions (Parker, 2002). Secondly, the intrinsic reasons, the ones that principally builds on philosophical concepts such as contract theory (Donaldson & Dunfee, 1994) for example. CSR Development of Meaning The social responsibility of the company is a dynamic concept, which gave rise to numerous definitions, to several theoretical models and to practices diverse from companies. It is true that such differences

But in February 1848, it was the second revolution and succeeded with the proclamation of the 2nd Republic. From this victory of the Parisian people, co-operatives had the support of the Republic. So Paris saw the high development of production co-operatives and in Lyon the development was more important and included as many producer co-ops as consumer co-ops. In Lyon, all professions are organized in Fraternity, producer co-ops. But this thriving movement was stopped few months after with the dissolution

there are many companies that copy new technology. They are able to sell the similar product for a cheaper price as they don’t need to spend time and money on development and research.- Today the consumer is more sensitive to environmental friendliness. It is good to show that the company can combine new technology and sustainable development. | Economic | -Competitors.-Rising labor cost -Globalization | - Stand out from the other competitors the product design, quality and customer service at point

* 1980 : L'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature publie un rapport intitulé La stratégie mondiale pour la conservation où apparaît pour la première fois la notion de « développement durable », traduite de l'anglais « sustainable development ». * 1987 : Une définition du développement durable est proposée par la Commission mondiale sur l'environnement et le développement (Rapport Brundtland). Le protocole de Montréal relatif aux substances qui appauvrissent la couche d'ozone