Normality

31.02451 29.57051 35.06887 37.25445 28.71671 24.15546 29.57191 Prob 0.8544 0.4283 0.4554 0.9973 0.0225 0.7041 0.7668 0.5127 0.4111 0.8007 0.9340 0.7667 Probs from chi-square with 36 df. ANNEXE 17 : (suite), TEST DE NORMALITE VAR Residual Normality Tests Orthogonalization: Cholesky (Lutkepohl) H0: residuals are multivariate normal Date: 08/01/08 Time: 01:13 Sample: 1970 2007 Included observations: 36 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 Joint Skewness 0.293152 -0.426442 0.393972 0.520673 0.264766 0

Different Gender, Different Culture? A Discussion on Gender and Organizational Culture – Part 2 », Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 16, 4 : 12-16. GERD, Paul 2003 « Firms of the New Economy and their Workers Revisited : Back to the Normality? », communication présentée à LEST 15th Annual Meeting on Socio-economics, Aix-en-Provence, 26-28 juin, 2003 for the network I/J Organizations, Occupations and Professions. GERMAIN, Olivier 2006 De nouvelles figures du projet en management. Paris

toutes les variables continues de la boite Dependant variables, peu importe la présence d'un facteur ou non. Par défaut, vous laissez Factor levels together sélectionné. Enfin, vous pouvez examiner la normalité de la distribution à partir de l'option Normality plots with tests. Quand vous avez terminé, vous cliquez sur . Option OPTIONS : les valeurs manquantes Le bouton options sert à déterminer ce que vous voulez faire avec les valeurs manquantes (Missing values). • Exclude cases listwise (par

accepted to have a sexual life before marriage. ← 1960: 50% are ready ← Today: 80% Legalization of the contraception The birth control pill appears in 1960. More and more accepted that sexual relationship of 2 people of the same sex: normality: Lesbians and gays. ⇨ Beginnings of a great movement of protestant. In 60’s, a politician, Rockefeller (Republican), he made a campaign which has been destroyed because of a divorce. Reagan: 1st divorced president in the history of USA

estimated from Generalised Pareto Distribution fitting to extreme loses (VaREVT), is more accurate than usual risk measures. Then, we suggest a new performance indicator, called Extreme Sharpe ratio, which makes it possible to consider the non-normality of hedge funds return distributions and the investor’s minimum acceptable return rate. At last, four models were set up to detect the main factors explaining the daily return evolution of alternative strategies. This last point enables to emphasize

Si on veut en avoir le cœur net on peut utiliser le test de normalité de Shapiro-Wilk avec la fonction shapiro.test : R> shapiro.test(d$age[d$hard.rock == "Oui"]) Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: d$age[d$hard.rock == "Oui"] W = 0.917, p-value = 0.02558 R> shapiro.test(d$age[d$hard.rock == "Non"]) Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: d$age[d$hard.rock == "Non"] W = 0.9817, p-value = 3.22e-15 Visiblement, le test estime que les distributions ne sont pas suffisamment proches de la normalité dans les deux

qualitative evaluation of small business loans”, Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, Colloque Capri 1997. Lachenbruch P.A., Sneeringer C.A. et Revo L.T.(1973). “Robustness of the linear and quadratic discriminant function to certain type of non-normality”, Commun.Statistique., vol. 1, pp. 39-56. Lachenbruch P.A. (1975). Discriminant Analysis, Hafner Press, New York. Lennox C. (1999). “Identifying Failing Companies: A Revaluation of the Logit, Probit and DA approaches”, Journal of Economics and Business

have affected trade flows for the given time periods. The following table illustrates the results of the four regressions and indicates all independent and dummy variables effects on the dependent variable Export. All periods have been tested on normality and multicollinarity for which there were no problems at all. When tested for heteroscedasticity problems only period 1 showed no signs and thus time period 2, 3, and 4 were corrected for heteroscedasticity. The results from the four separate regressions

no 3. Centrale de l’enseignement du Québec (1982). Nouvelles C.E.Q., vol. 3, no 5, 23 novembre, p. 8. Collomb, H. (1980). « Editorial Comment », Social Science and Medicine, vol. 14B, p. 81-84. Crowe, M. (2000). « Constructing Normality : a Discourse Analysis of the DSMIV », Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, vol. 7, p. 69-77. Daykin, N. (2001). « Sociology », dans J. Naidoo et J. Wills (dir.), Health Studies : An Introduction, Londres, Palgrave, p. 101-132

evaluation of small business loans”, Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis, Colloque Capri 1997. Lachenbruch P.A., Sneeringer C.A. et Revo L.T.(1973). “Robustness of the linear and quadratic discriminant function to certain type of non-normality”, Commun.Statistique., vol. 1, pp. 39-56. Lachenbruch P.A. (1975). Discriminant Analysis, Hafner Press, New York. Lennox C. (1999). “Identifying Failing Companies: A Revaluation of the Logit, Probit and DA approaches”, Journal of Economics