Unemployment

their income. That is to say, if is the amount of consumption, and is income (both measured in wage units) has the same sign as but is smaller in amount, i.e. is positive and less than unity. John Maynard KEYNES, 1936, The General Theory of Unemployment, Interest and Money. Chap 8. p. 96. Enoncée dans les années trente, abondamment discutée économétriquement dans les années quarante et cinquante, apparemment remise en cause par la théorie du revenu permanent, la loi psychologique fondamentale

R.J., “A Neoclassical Theory of Keynesian Unemployment”, Economic Inquiry, 1975. Greenwald, B. et J. Stiglitz, «New and Old Keynesians», Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, 1 (hiver 1993), 23-44. Modigliani, Franco, «Liquidity Preference and the Theory of Interest and Money», Econometrica 1944. (un grand classique) Romer, D., «La nouvelle synthèse keynésienne» dans Problèmes économiques, 2.348, 3 (nov. 1993), 17-27. Tobin, J., “Inflation and Unemployment”, American Economic Review 62, mars 1972.

performance is obtained when the two variables are aligned with each other. For example, redistributive and interventionist policies combine with encompassing labor market institutions to produce macroeconomic performance in terms of growth and unemployment that matches or even surpasses the achievements of laissez-faire policies combined with weak labor market institutions. He concludes that there are “enduring cross-national differences” in economic policymaking and engagement of the global economy

1990, 39% of all males and 62% of all females in Sub-Saharan Africa above the age of 15 were illiterate. 17 The limits of micro credit as a rural development intervention Because local producers could not see the link between increased unemployment in a distant place and the decrease in the price of their handicrafts, they did not stop producing. Instead conflict occurred between the marketing group and the producers. The producers felt that they were being cheated. The marketing group could

což odpovídá 2 % HDP Maroka! Moroccan towns such as Oujda, a ten-minute drive from the border, have been hard hit. Despite efforts to reorient the region’s economy towards tourism and to draw the area into Morocco’s hub on the Atlantic, local unemployment is two-and-a-half times the official national rate of 10%. Remittances from Europe probably provide the region’s main source of income: nearly a third of the 3m-plus Moroccans working in the EU hail from the eastern area. Their king recently visited

l’être les liens entre les prix des actifs et l’activité, voir OCDE (2000). Les changements en cours du cycle économique - 189 BIBLIOGRAPHIE BANQUE DES RÈGLEMENTS INTERNATIONAUX (2001), Rapport annuel. BARRO, R. (1988), « The persistence of unemployment », American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings. BOONE, L, C. GIORNO et P. RICHARDSON (1998), « Stock market fluctuations and consumption behaviour: some recent evidence », Documents de travail du Département des affaires économiques de l’OCDE

Economics, vol. 20, n° 2, p. 171-187. FOURASTIÉ J. (1949), Le grand espoir du XXe siècle, PUF. FREEMAN C., SOETE L. (1994), Work for all or mass unemployment ? computerised technical change into the twenty-first century, Pinter. FREEMAN C., SOETE L. (eds) (1987), Technical change and full employment, Basil Blackwell. FREEMAN C., Clark J., Soete L. (1982), Unemployment and technical innovation, Pinter. GADREY J. (2005), Les quatre « mondes » des économies de services développées, Économies et Sociétés, n°

enriched the wealthy – worsening income distribution in the US.[71][95][96][97][98] Krugman advocated lower interest rates (to promote spending on housing and other durable goods), and increased government spending on infrastructure, military, and unemployment benefits, arguing that these policies would have a larger stimulus effect, and unlike permanent tax cuts, would only temporarily increase the budget deficit.[98] In August 2005, after Alan Greenspan expressed concern over housing markets, Krugman

sweatshops are an early step in the process of technological and economic development whereby a poor country turns itself into a rich country. Economists are focused on "trade offs" and when it comes to sweatshops, they ask whether the alternative of unemployment or even worse employment is better. Sometimes when anti-sweatshop activists close sweatshops, employees suffer dramatically. History of sweatshops While many workplaces through history have been crowded, dangerous, low-paying, and without job

cut tax, public spending, refused to intervene in dock strike. Unions were made subject to a controversial Industrial Relations Act. Government instigated a platform of public-sector reform. Winter 1971/2 came miners' strike and energy crisis. Unemployment broke. January 1972 must 'rate as the most dreadful short period of concentrated stress on government ever endured in peacetime'. Miners' demands were met and Heath introduced interventionist Industry Act. He abandoned his belief that free markets