The Octopus Frank Norris

The Age of Realism and Naturalism The three strong advocates of 19th century American realism • William Dean Howells (critic)豪威尔斯 • Henry James 詹姆斯 • Mark Twain 马克• 吐温 Background • The Civil War marked a deterioration of American moral values. • Increasing industrialization and mechanization produced extremes of wealth and poverty. • The romantic view of man in the New World began to lose its hold on the imagination of the people. • By the 1870s New England