Government debt

dealer in US Treasury securities. Citigroup suffered huge losses during the global financial crisis of 2008 and was rescued in November 2008 in a massive bailout by the U.S. government. Its largest shareholders include funds from the Middle East and Singapore. On February 27, 2009, Citigroup announced that the United States government would take a 36% equity stake in the company by converting $25 billion in emergency aid into common shares; the stake was reduced to 27% after Citigroup sold $21 billion

raises Morocco's rating to investment grade March 2010 30 17 20 10 4 8 95-99 00-04 +4 International Monetary Fund "The recent economic performance of Morocco is favorable" (2008) 17 0 05-09 Est. 2010 Stable currency Public Debt (% of GDP) Decreasing Public Debt 100 68,1 50 46,9 ~47.0 2009 Est. 2010 0 2000 8 Source: AMDI, estimates for 2010 Currency based on a Euro-Us Dollar basket AGENDA 1. Positionnement 2. Stabilité Politique & Economique 3. ALE : marché de plus de 1,3 milliards

ressources financières disponibles deviendra peut-être faramineuse et son impact sur l'accumulation du capital au sein du secteur privé serait plus accentuée). A en croire les chiffres de la Banque Mondiale, la consommation générale de l'Etat (general government consumption dans le jargon des institutions de Bretton Woods) dépasse 6 (six) milliards de dollars en 1997, soit près de 18% du PIB[7], dont les salaires et traitements publics occupent une part de plus de 65%, soit 12% du PIB environ. En moyenne

RES data • Access to the Grid • High initial cost. • Current Payback of RES & DG Installations is too Long: 10-30 Years • Monopoly of electricity by EDL • Lack of Environmental Commitment • Cash strapped government • Inconsistency of regulations • Small area • The Restraint of Trade: Utility Company “Bullying” on Grid Interconnection Issues • Low Buy-Back Rates for Excess Power • Needs in Capacity Building • Weak

portfolio investment (FPI), on the other hand is a category of investment instruments that is more easily traded, may be less permanent, and do not represent a controlling stake in an enterprise. These include investments via equity instruments (stocks) or debt (bonds) of a foreign enterprise which does not necessarily represent a long-term interest. The returns that an investor acquires on FPI usually take the form of interest payments or dividends. The difference between FDI and FPI can sometimes

Poland, which has inherited from a planned economy based on heavy industry and agriculture with many state-owned enterprises, known then hyperinflation which ruined its economy. For this reason, the Vice-Chairman and Minister of Finance of the Polish government, Leszek Balcerowicz is implementing a policy to ensure the transition from planned economy to a market economy, capitalism itself. But what this new economy has been performing it since 1990. We see in the first part the performance of the Polish

less reckless than many other banks and are naturally upset about being tarred with the same brush. BNP Paribas says that Basel III reforms would cost European banks around €400bn (£351bn) in extra capital and would force them to issue €1,500bn in debt to finance lending. Exactly how much these scare stories affect the ultimate strength of legislation remains open to debate, but there is little doubt that banks are about to be subjected to one of the biggest changes in regulatory requirements ever

Delusion. (C ) Dispute. 7- A………………….. never takes unecessary financial risks. (A) perplexing. (B) Prudent. (C ) Premier. 8- …………………materials have less economic value than processed materials. (A) Raw. (B) Rush. (C ) Renowned. 9- Government bonds and blue-chip stocks are ………………investments. (A) Sound. (B) Shy. (C ) Scarce. 10- Spoken language is generally more ……………… than written language. (A) Casual. (B) Capable. (C ) Cautious. Section three:

international operators; France Télécom decides to concentrate on promising markets as the mobile telephony and the internet. The group so acquired on 2003 Orange PLC to create Orange limited company. In 2002, further to a requalification of the debt of the company, share price in stock exchange collapse. The situation of France Telecom is critical. Thanks to the intervention of Breton Thierry, the company succeeds in recovering. In 2004, the French State decides to disengage from France Telecom

interest rates are the following: The first thing we need to do is to calculate the present value of the future payments using the corresponding interest rate, also we need to calculate the yield to maturity, duration and modified duration of the debt cash flow: At the same time there is a zero coupon bond market with a similar credit risk that the company has and with the following maturities and nominal values: At this stage we need to calculate the present value, the duration and the modified