Causality

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error correction model (ECM) via the Cointegration theory, we tried to test the causality direction (in short-term and long term) between the real and the financial sector to learn the role and involvement of this liberalization in growth opportunities in Morocco. JEL Classification: F41, F43, G01, G21, C01. Keywords: capital account, financial liberalization, Banking crises, prudential regulation, economic growth, causality, error correction model (ECM), cointegration. Remerciements C'était un

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history of media violence exposure and brain functioning. These studies have established a relationship between past media violence exposure and current brain functioning, but because of their correlational design, they cannot definitively establish causality. For instance, Mathews and colleagues (2005), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a counting Stroop task, found less frontal lobe activation in individuals with a history of high violent media exposure as compared to individuals

standings, city population, etc.) rather than unobserved spectator perceptions. Further, both economic and management studies on the subject of attendance typically use multiple regression or ANOVA techniques that do not allow researchers to infer causality among various factors but only to describe their associations. The intent of the study pre.sented here was to overcome these methodological weaknesses and to provide an empirical basis for effective sports management decision making focused on spectator

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