L'état

1330 mots 6 pages
FORMATIVE ESSAY

What is the state?

The political power is exerted in that framework called state which constitutes the basis of all the institutions existing on a national and international level. Therefore, the state is a notion and a reality unavoidable in our political world nowadays.
In order to define what the state is, this essay will first see the state as an institution and not a natural data. Then, it will discuss the conditions of the existence of the state. Finally, it will expose the two main functions of the state.

The state is a reality in the national and international life easily and immediately recognized but this simplicity is only an appearance and covers a real complexity. It is a historical and political phenomenon. It seems natural today to see our planet divided into different units called states. However, if for some philosophers like Aristotle, men are Zôon Politikon (which means: animals meant to live in society), the state is not a natural organisation of spaces and populations. The state is an institution, or a set of institutions which are not exclusively political but also social. In order to live together free and safe, men have instituted an organisation that would guarantee their freedom and their security. For Hobbes, men who live in a ‘state of nature’ live in a ‘Dominion of passion’ where freedom is not limited but is not enjoyable for all: ‘out of this state, every man hath such a Right to all, as yet he can enjoy nothing; in it, each one securely enjoys his limited Right’. Absolute freedom is brought to self-destruction. That is why the creation of an institution is needed. In his Social Contract, Jean- Jacques Rousseau states that man have signed a hypothetical contract where they agree to limit their power and freedom and to delegate it to a leader in order to live together in harmony without encroaching upon the freedom of others. In order to be free individuals, men have to be part of a community. All the people

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