English Grammar from A to Z
Mutual Work Between two members from two forums

Written and Prepared by: Alfarfoshah

(Al-wed.com\vb)

Organized and published By: Madint alam (alkenani.net\vb)

‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺀ‬ ...‫ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث أﺷﯿﺎء رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ:‬ ‫‪...Subject‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪..Verb‬اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫‪ Object‬اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ‬

‫واﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ واﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺎت ﯾﺨﻄﺌﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ:‬ ‫‪ ,They study geography‬ﻫﻢ ﯾﺪرﺳﻮن اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎ‬ ‫‪They ......Subject‬‬ ‫‪study....Verb‬‬

‫‪geography...Object‬‬ ‫إذا أﺗﺒﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫أوﻻ...‪S‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ...‪V‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ....‪O‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮون ﯾﺨﻄﺌﻮن وﯾﺮﺗﺒﻮا اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻘﻮﻟﻮن ﻣﺜﻼ:‬

‫‪Study they geography‬‬ ‫إذا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ أن ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﻞ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ...‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أوﻻ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ...‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ: اﻟﻀﻤــــــــــــــــﺎﺋﺮ ‪Pronouns‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﻧﻌﺮف ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ )‪ (pronoun‬؟‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ..) ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ أو ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﺪﯾﻼ ل إﻣﺎ اﻻﺳﻢ ‪((Noun‬‬ ‫أو اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻻﺳﻤﯿﺔ )‪.(Noun phrase‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ Samia eats apple‬ﻟﻮ أردﻧﺎ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﺳﻢ ﺳﺎﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﻀﻤﯿﺮ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫‪She eats apple‬‬ ‫#وﻟﻠﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﺳﻨﺸﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﺎ واﻓﯿﺎ#‬

‫أوﻻ: ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻹﺷﺎرة ‪ Demonstrative pronouns‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻬﺎ أدوات اﻹﺷﺎرة وﯾﻨﺪرج ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻋﺪة ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ وﻫﻲ:‬ ‫)‪(this/that/these/those/such‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫!‪That is incredible‬‬ ‫‪will never forget this‬‬ ‫‪Such is my belief‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ # اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ ‪Personal pronouns‬‬ ‫وﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أﺷﺨﺎص أو أﺷﯿﺎء‬ ‫وﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ أوﻻ * اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫أو ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪Subject personal pronouns‬‬ ‫وﯾﻨﺪرج ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ #‬ ‫‪I, you, he, she, it, we‬‬ ‫‪ I, he, she, it‬ﻫﺬه ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮد‬ ‫‪ We‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪ You‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺮد وﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪She took the bus last night‬‬ ‫.‪He is a school boy‬‬ ‫.‪We